What is Dengue Fever?

 


What is Dengue Fever?

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV), which has four different strains (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

Symptoms of Dengue Fever:

Symptoms usually appear 4–10 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and can range from mild to severe. These include:

  • High fever (up to 40°C / 104°F)

  • Severe headaches

  • Pain behind the eyes

  • Muscle, bone, and joint pain ("breakbone fever")

  • Nausea and vomiting

  • Skin rash

  • Mild bleeding (nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or easy bruising)

In severe cases, dengue can lead to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS), which can be life-threatening due to severe bleeding, organ failure, or shock.

Is Dengue Fever Curable?

There is no specific cure for dengue fever. Since it is caused by a virus, antibiotics do not work. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms:

  • Rest and hydration to prevent dehydration

  • Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for fever and pain relief (Avoid aspirin and ibuprofen as they can increase bleeding risk)

  • Hospital care in severe cases, with IV fluids and blood transfusions if necessary

Most mild cases recover within 1–2 weeks, but severe cases require immediate medical attention.

Is Dengue Fever Preventable?

Yes, dengue fever is preventable, mainly by avoiding mosquito bites and reducing mosquito breeding.

Prevention Methods:

✅ Mosquito Control:

  • Eliminate standing water (flower pots, old tires, containers) where mosquitoes breed

  • Use larvicides or natural methods (like introducing mosquito-eating fish in water tanks)

✅ Personal Protection:

  • Wear long-sleeved clothing and use mosquito repellents (DEET-based)

  • Use mosquito nets and window screens









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✅ Vaccination:

  • In some countries, the Dengvaxia vaccine is available for people with dengue. However, it is not widely available and has specific guidelines for use.



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