What is measles

 Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the Measles morbillivirus. It spreads through respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or direct contact with an infected person.








Symptoms of Measles:

  • High fever
  • Cough
  • Runny nose
  • Red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis)
  • White spots inside the mouth (Koplik’s spots)
  • A red rash that starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body

Complications:

Measles can lead to serious complications, especially in young children, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems. These include:

  • Pneumonia
  • Ear infections (which can cause hearing loss)
  • Encephalitis (brain swelling)
  • Death (in severe cases)

Prevention:

Yes, measles is preventable! The MMR vaccine (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) provides strong protection. Two doses, typically given in childhood, offer lifelong immunity for most people.


 

Treatment of Measles

Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. Management focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms and address complications:

  • Fever and Pain Relief: Over-the-counter medications like paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and discomfort. Aspirin should be avoided in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.

    en.wikipedia.org

  • Hydration: Ensuring adequate fluid intake is crucial, especially if diarrhea or vomiting occurs. In severe cases, intravenous (IV) fluids may be necessary to prevent dehydration.

    emedicine.medscape.com

  • Vitamin A Supplementation: The World Health Organization recommends administering two doses of vitamin A, given 24 hours apart, to all children diagnosed with measles. This supplementation helps restore low vitamin A levels, reducing the risk of eye damage and blindness, and may decrease the number of measles-related deaths.

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