What Is Acid Reflux?

 


Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus (the tube connecting your mouth and stomach). This happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) — a ring of muscle that acts like a valve — doesn't close properly.

Common Symptoms

  • Heartburn (a burning sensation in the chest)

  • Regurgitation of food or sour liquid

  • A lump in the throat feeling

  • Difficulty swallowing

  • Chronic cough, hoarseness, or sore throat

Causes & Risk Factors

  • Overeating or eating large meals late at night

  • Fatty or spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol

  • Obesity

  • Smoking

  • Pregnancy (due to hormonal changes and pressure on the stomach)

  • Certain medications (e.g., aspirin, ibuprofen)


Lifestyle & Home Remedies (First Line of Defence)

  1. Eat smaller, more frequent meals

  2. Avoid trigger foods (e.g., fried food, citrus, chocolate, peppermint)

  3. Don’t lie down after eating (wait at least 2–3 hours)

  4. Elevate the head of your bed (6–8 inches)

  5. Lose weight if overweight

  6. Quit smoking

Medical Treatment

  1. Antacids – Quick relief (e.g., Gaviscon, Rennie)

  2. H2 Blockers – Reduce acid production (e.g., Ranitidine, Famotidine)

  3. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) – More effective long-term acid reduction (e.g., Omeprazole, Lansoprazole)

  4. Prokinetics – Help stomach empty faster (used less frequently)







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Can It Be Cured?

Acid reflux can often be managed effectively and even resolved if it’s due to lifestyle or dietary habits. However, if it’s caused by a chronic condition like GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease), it might need ongoing treatment or more advanced medical care.










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Important:

If you experience acid reflux more than twice a week, it could be GERD. Long-term GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis, Barrett’s esophagus, or even esophageal cancer — so don’t ignore persistent symptoms.

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